How to Hire a Great Accountant for Your Nonprofit
FAQs on hiring accountants for nonprofits, including what to do if you’re having an impossible time of it.
Expert tips on hiring the right accountants for your nonprofit.
For many executive directors, hiring an accountant is fraught with anxiety. How will we find the right person? How can I tell if someone really knows accounting? Will an accountant fit in with the rest of us? As difficult as it is to hire a good accountant, hiring an incompetent or incompatible person is even worse. Here are some FAQs on hiring accountants for nonprofits, including what to do if you’re having an impossible time of it:
Where do we recruit applicants?
You may spend more time recruiting good applicants for your finance team than you may spend for program staff; after all, accounting skills are often more marketable across sectors than program skills. Competition for strong candidates can be challenging.
- Ask your auditor: Your auditor not only is connected with the accounting world but also understands your needs. Auditors may know of good candidates who may be looking for work; for instance one of their other nonprofit clients may have just downsized. Be sure to ask for other places to recruit in your community.
- Advertise in different places: For the accountant position, look beyond the nonprofit job listings in your community to places like the local business journal or for-profit job boards.
- On Craigslist, post the position both in the nonprofit section and in the accounting and finance section. For that listing, don’t simply say “we’re a nonprofit;” say “agency working against AIDS.”
- For some lower-level positions, send an announcement to the career services department and the accounting department at local colleges. Some colleges offer career services for alumni as well.
- Announce broadly: Let your peers know that you are recruiting. Announce it at nonprofit meetings and other gatherings you attend. Send out emails to your colleagues in the sector, and ask staff to send out emails as well.
Who should be in the interview?
In the interviews you will want to assess the technical skills of the applicants, but also their ability to communicate with you, other staff, and perhaps the board. For a chief financial officer (CFO) or finance director, involve the executive director, program director, and board treasurer or chair. If your organization is smaller, the executive director and board treasurer might be appropriate. Board members often have finance and accounting skills as well as experience hiring finance staff.
A question often asked in larger organizations is whether the current accounting staff should be brought into the process when hiring a CFO. Since the ultimate hiring decision lies with the executive director, staff members shouldn’t have a “vote” for their favorite candidate, but do set up a system where they can provide input and share their thoughts on the candidates.
How can I test for technical knowledge when I don’t have it myself?
In most situations you will need to spend time on reference checks to be sure that a candidate both knows accounting and is able to get tasks done competently and on time (more on this below). For manager-level positions, be sure that you ask about nonprofit accounting experience as there are significant differences from for-profit accounting (just one example: restricted funds).
Consider having a case study where you give the candidates 20 minutes to look over some financial statements (such as yours) and ask them to walk you through the statements and explain the highlights to you. Did you understand the explanations? When you asked questions about the statements, did you like the manner and level at which the candidate responded?
It’s also useful to know if an applicant is already familiar with your accounting software. While new software can be learned, prior experience will shorten the learning curve.
What should I look for besides technical knowledge and good reference checks?
Even the most technically proficient accountant will need to communicate well with others, including organizational stakeholders who may not understand accounting. The accounting team often has to get staff to conform to disliked procedures (such as timesheet submission) and to participate in planning discussions (such as budget preparation for a grant proposal). Ask candidates about an experience where there was a conflict over accounting to how they handled the situation. Do they have the patience and understanding to work with you on tough challenges?
If cash flow is a significant problem in your organization, discuss it with the finalists. Some accountants can take recurring cash flow problems in stride, while others would rather quit before having to ask a creditor for another 30 days.
How do we decide what to pay?
Start by calling other organizations and ask what they are paying. Many executive directors are happy to share this information, especially if you offer to send them all the salary information you gather (with the organization names removed). You can also look at the Form 990 of organizations similar to yours at Guidestar; if the CFO is making over $100,000 the salary will be listed in Part VII. As with any survey of compensation, you will need to balance what accountants are making elsewhere with your own pay scale.
Ask your auditor for advice on how much to pay. In some communities a nonprofit compensation survey is conducted; ask around to see who might be producing such a survey in your region.
What are some tips for reference checks?
Ask for references and call them. But be cautious: not many people will give you a reference that is unfavorable. Ask about technical skills, about timeliness of task completion, about communication and people skills. Listen carefully to how the reference responds to you. Our favorite question: “If I were to hire this person, what advice would you give me on how best to work with him or her?”
Since this person will be managing your internal controls and accounts, also consider performing a background check. See “Criminal Records Checks for Prospective Staff and Volunteers” in Blue Avocado for more.
How can I sell an accountant on our organization, especially at a lower salary than he or she has been making up to now?
One of the biggest mistakes an organization can make when hiring an accountant is to not talk up its missions. For many accountants, doing meaningful work is exactly why they responded to your job announcement in the first place. Talk up your mission, your impact, your goals, your connection to your constituencies. Many an accountant is working at a nonprofit in domestic violence, children’s services, the environment, music, and civil rights because of a personal involvement with the issue.
In addition, everyone in your organization needs to believe in the work you do, including the accounting staff! There may be stressful times such as cash flow crunches where a shared involvement with the mission will form an important basis for teamwork.
If I hire someone and it doesn’t seem to be working out, how can I fire that person without leaving myself in the lurch?
Even with the best planning and hiring processes, sometimes it just doesn’t work out. Either the person isn’t a fit with the organization or, worse, he or she just doesn’t perform. While the thought of firing your accountant and starting the search process again may be overwhelming, it is far better than keeping someone in the position who you know isn’t right for you or your organization.
But how do you cover your organizational accounting needs until you find the right person? Depending on the level of accountant, there are different options.
- Temporary bookkeeper: There are numerous temporary agencies that specialize in accounting staff. While it’s likely that fewer of their people will have nonprofit accounting experience, such experience may be less necessary in entry-level accounting positions. There also may be experienced sole practice bookkeepers in your area to whom you can contract out your bookkeeping. Relying on these experts during transition can relieve a lot of stress.
- Ask board members: If you are a small organization with the bookkeeping covered, but you need someone part-time to play a higher-level finance role, consider asking a board member who has finance expertise to fill that role. The board member can look over weekly reports such as payables due and cash flow, monthly financial statements for any inconsistencies or red flags, and be available to answer any questions that the accounting staff may have.
- Ask a peer: Sometimes you can find help where you might not think. Most executive directors understand the hardship of hiring an accountant as well as the hardship of having that position vacant. A peer organization may be willing to “lend” its accounting staff to you for a couple of hours or even a day a week. While these individuals won’t be engaged in strategy, they will at least help you enter and pay your invoices and make sure that payroll is complete. In cases where I’ve seen this work, the two executive directors have a good friendship and the organization lending the staff is more than happy to offer a hand. Of course, in this economic environment they’re also happy to reduce their staffing expenses – even if only temporarily.
Last thoughts?
There are many “right” ways to hire a great accountant, and as you do so remember to balance your need for technical proficiency with someone who will help you strategize about how best to use your organization’s assets. If you have other ideas or suggestions we’d love for you to share them in the Comments section.
See also:
About the Author
Steve Zimmerman, CPA, MBA, is principal at Spectrum Nonprofit Services, a finance and strategy consulting firm based in Milwaukee. With Jeanne Bell and Jan Masaoka, he co-authored Nonprofit Sustainability: Making Strategic Decisions for Financial Viability, published by Jossey-Bass in 2011. In addition to writing the Finance & Strategy column for Blue Avocado and consulting to nonprofits across the country, Steve conducts train-the-consultant sessions how to use the book’s framework with nonprofits in strategic and/or business planning. His site includes templates and other materials based on the book.
Articles on Blue Avocado do not provide legal representation or legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for advice or legal counsel. Blue Avocado provides space for the nonprofit sector to express new ideas. Views represented in Blue Avocado do not necessarily express the opinion of the publication or its publisher.
21 thoughts on “How to Hire a Great Accountant for Your Nonprofit”
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Great article. In the future, can we see a similar article on how to hire an attorney that specializes in nonprofits? Thanks so much!!
This is a great article and so timely for me. I just posted an article on my blog: Accountability, Accounting, Risk….What’s a Board Member and ED to Know http://tinyurl.com/2deuhy4 And I’m glad I listed Blue Avocado as a major resource. Got that one right. Marion http://marionconwaynonprofitconsultant.blogspot.com
This is a great article and so timely for me. I just posted an article on my blog: Accountability, Accounting, Risk….What’s a Board Member and ED to Know http://tinyurl.com/2deuhy4 And I’m glad I listed Blue Avocado as a major resource. Got that one right. Marion http://marionconwaynonprofitconsultant.blogspot.com
Great article. As an addition to what you have said, many organizations don’t need a full-time CFO and can’t afford one anyway. Sometimes they go for someone who is full-time but is less qualified and then the organization has problems at audit time (and other times) because they really hired an accounting manager, not a CFO. An alternative is to have a good bookkeeper on staff and hire a nonprofit accountant to come in to close the books each month, help prepare the prepared-by-client (PBC) workpapers, meet with the board, etc. This can be a more cost effective combination than having someone there full-time (with benefits) who isn’t fully qualified. When hiring a ‘CFO to go" use the same criteria as were mentioned in the article. Nancy Wallace CPA (847) 867-5007 NWallaceCPA@prodigy.net
This article is very timely for us indeed. We have had interesting challenges in our newest department: operations. We hired people with the wrong skill sets or didn’t do our due diligence in triple checking their abilities. A year and a half later and 3 people ago, we are hiring again. And, this time, I hope to find the right fit. Thank you, Steve, for articulating what I’ve been thinking about for 6 months, but without the words to think it very clearly!
Thank you for your comments and some great comments. I appreciate a lot the point that financial leadership or all of accounting and finance does not need to be – and should not be – one person’s role. Rather organizations can satisfy their accounting and finance needs with a team approach. They would need:
> someone who has the attention to detail and knowledge to correctly input invoice and checks into the accounting system;
> someone to pull the information out into meaningful financial reports; and
> someone who can analyze and present the statements so they can be used for strategic decision making and will give confidence to funders.
These don’t have to be all different people or even all paid people. Board, staff and outside contractors can combine to fill these roles.
Outsourcing some of the accounting function is another great alternative for many alternatives and can lead to increased accuracy and efficiency if done correctly. A great suggestion for a future article.
Steve Zimmerman
Hi Steve – Great article. My only two thoughts are:
1) I worry about advertising in non-nonprofit areas because I just think nonprofit accounting is so different and I’m tired of the hubris for-profit accountants often bring with them. So, maybe advertise in the non-nonprofit areas but screen out hubris. 🙂
2) I think it helps sometimes to hire a nonprofit finance professional (consultant) to help hire, interview, screen, etc. the candidate–or even help develop the job description which Nancy (above) sort of refers to. That of course brings up the question, “How do I hire a nonprofit finance consultant?” 🙂 But I often find that supposedly-skilled Board treasurers/members haven’t had the more hands-on and nonprofit experience needed to assess candidates technically. So including them in the process isn’t always a solution (although they are so nice to participate).
I think it’s hard for nonprofits to hire good finance staff so thank you for offering so many ideas and suggestions. And good luck to us all in this endeavor!
Joy Hahn, San Francisco
Very informative article – thank you. In the San Francisco Bay Area there are so many small non-profits that I’ve been able to keep quite busy working as a Finance Director (on a consultant basis) for many years now. As one reader said "many organizations don’t need a full-time CFO and can’t afford one anyway". I’m a CPA and willing to make less money working for a good cause – I’m sure there are others like me for those small agencies considering such a move. As Steve and others stated, check with your own CPA for referrals. Personally, what has worked best for me and my clients is arranging a regular schedule, 1 – 3 days per week on agency premises, depending on agency needs. In this way the non-profit has a professional on hand who can also be part of the agency team, attend staff, management and Board meetings, and offer peace of mind when it comes time for the annual audit. The cost benefit is a greater degree of professionalism and expertise vs. a full-time accountant who may not be as quick, knowledgeable and experienced as a part-time consultant. Edie Heller, S.F. Bay Area
Nonprofit organizations are often on tight budgets. Every dollar spent must be thought out and accounted for. Not every nonprofit can afford to hire a professional accountant so many rely on in-house accounting methods. An easy solution is to use an accounting software that will assist you will all your financial needs.
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Nonprofit corporation – is it conflict of interest to hire spouse of a board member? If yes, why?
My friend wants to start up his own nonprofit. I’ll definitely have to share this article with him. I know that he would love to hire someone experienced with finances to help him manage everything. It’s definitely a good idea to be careful about who you hire and make them go through a background check and a quick assessment, like you suggested.
My friend wants to start up his own nonprofit. I’ll definitely have to share this article with him. I know that he would love to hire someone experienced with finances to help him manage everything. It’s definitely a good idea to be careful about who you hire and make them go through a background check and a quick assessment, like you suggested.
[…] the interview process, it is vitally important to unpack not only the technical qualifications of the accounting professional you are looking to either hire or do business with but also their […]
I believe that hiring a CPA is essential when it comes to monitoring and tracking the finances of your business. I like your advice about asking your auditor when it comes to finding the right accountant. If I were to run a nonprofit, I would make sure to work with a CPA that could take charge of the budget.
Thanks for telling me that I can advertise in local business journals so I can hire a certified public accountant in the future when I start my non-profit organization. Ever since I learned that deforestation is common in many parts of the world lately, I’ve decided that I should do something about it, so I want to start a non-profit that would be dedicated to fighting for our planet, but that would mean that if I’m going to try to receive money from people to help me with my cause, I’ll probably need help in making things as transparent as possible. I think I’ll also consider looking around actively if I’ll try to hire one so I’ll have more options to pick from.
You made a good point that hiring a public accountant could indeed be a good way to make transitory processes a lot less stressful. A friend of mine is considering to downsize her company into a non-profit organization soon so she will need to make sure that all its taxes are accounted for before the shift. Hiring an accountant can be a huge help in making sure that this goes as quickly as possible.
You made a good point that it’s important to consider looking for good auditing when hiring accounting services. I’d like to look for a good accounting service soon because I’m planning to look for a good team to start with when opening a business soon. An accountant will be invaluable for that.
https://kondlercpa.com/services/financial-accounting